常识“太平军西征”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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常识“太平军西征”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇	太平军西征
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释义	太平军西征①清咸丰三年（1853）太平天囯建都天京（今江苏南京）后，于四月十二日派胡以晃、赖汉英、曾天养等率军西征，夺取长江中游地区，以巩固天京。五月克安庆、湖口、瑞州（今高安）等；久攻南昌不下，撤围北上，于八月二十七日攻克九江。后又分兵两支：一由胡以晃率军北上，经略皖北，十二月克庐州（今合肥），安徽巡抚江忠源自杀；一由石祥祯等率军沿江西上，四年正月在黄州（今黄冈）大败清军，湖广总督吴文鎔投水死。旋克汉阳、汉口，围武昌，又分兵两支，一经略湖北，一攻入湖南，迫近长沙，遇曾国藩湘军抗拒，被迫退出湖南。八月湘军陷武汉，十月陷田家镇，逼九江。四年十二月石达开率军驰援，在湖口重创湘军水师。次年，三克武汉。转攻江西，克复八府五十余县，围曾国藩于南昌。嗣因太平军主力东下解天京之围，遂使湘军得以喘息。②天京事变后，湘军乘机反攻太平军，攻陷武汉等沿江城镇，围攻安庆。十年闰三月二十一日，洪仁玕、陈玉成、李秀成等在天京召开军事会议，决定先取苏杭，再第二次西征，收复武汉以解安庆之围。八月，洪秀全命陈玉成、李秀成各率主力沿长江南北两线西上，会师武汉。陈玉成立即率北路军自天京渡江，经安徽，挺进湖北，于次年二月再克黄州。旋因安庆告急，陈玉成率军回援。李秀成率南路军于十年九月才从天京出发，经皖入浙。十一年一月由浙入赣，五月抵湖北鄂城，集合起义群众后回赣入浙，安庆之围未解，第二次西征失败。
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