常识“常州词派”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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常识“常州词派”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇	常州词派
正文
释义	常州词派兴起于清嘉庆初的词流派，以常州词人张惠言、周济为主要代表。清康熙间，由朱彝尊首创的浙西词派，标举南宋姜夔、张炎，追求词的清空醇雅，其末流内容上呈空疏之态，形式上染饾饤之习。张惠言、周济等常州词人推尊词体，倡意内言外之说，以比兴寄托充实词学理论，指导词的创作，形成了颇具声势的常州词派，其影响延续至清末。其词学理论初见于张惠言及其弟张琦合编的《词选》中。张惠言《词选序》针对当时浙派词的渐趋空虚，强调词须重意，应讲究比兴寄托，指出词可上比《风》、《骚》，与诗、赋同列，“非苟为雕琢曼辞而已”。张氏所论，虽注意了词的思想内容，矫正了浙派偏重技巧的弊端，但往往片面讲求微言大义而流于牵强附会。《词选》后附黄景仁、左辅、恽敬、钱季重、李兆洛、丁履恒、陆继辂等七人词作，均为张氏同道，亦常州府人。传张惠言词学者，还有其甥董士锡，士锡又传于其子董毅及荆溪（属常州府）周济。董毅曾编《续词选》，选词标准与张《词选》有所不同。周济辑有《宋四家词选》、《词辨》。以宋周邦彦、辛弃疾、王沂孙、吴文英四家为学词典范，主张“问涂碧山，历梦窗、稼轩，以还清真之浑化”（《宋四家词选例言》），又进一步发挥了张惠言的比兴寄托之说，提出“词非寄托不入，专寄托不出”，要求达到“浑涵”的境界和“见仁”“见智”的效果。周氏深化、具体化了常州派词论，拓展了常州派的创作途径，但也不免主观臆测和自相矛盾。近代谭献、庄棫、王鹏运、朱祖谋、况周颐等则为其余绪。叶恭绰称谭献“承常州派之绪，力尊词体，上溯《风》、《骚》，词之门庭，缘是益廓，遂开近三十年之风尚”（《广箧中词》）。
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