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常识“遇”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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释义 东汉王充用语。在《论衡·逢遇》篇中,王充提出“仕宦无常遇”,“遇不遇,时也”的观点。认为:“进在遇,退在不遇。处尊居显,未必贤,遇也;位卑在下,未不愚,不遇也。”(《论衡·逢遇》)正如当时谚语所云:“力田不如逢年,善仕不如遇合。”(《史记·佞幸传序》)光“善仕”还不行,还得遇合君王的赏识。在《论衡·命义》篇中更明确说:“遇者,遇其主而用也。”认为:“人有命有禄,有遭遇,有幸偶。”“幸偶”之“偶”,也作“遇”。《论衡·幸偶》:“由是以论,痈疽之发,亦一实也。气结瘀积,聚为痈,溃为疽创,流血出脓,岂痈疽所发,身之善穴哉?营卫之行,遇不通也。”裘锡圭《论衡》札记:“‘遇’当读为偶。”……“遇”与“偶”相通,谓偶然遭遇之意。《论衡》又有《偶会》篇,认为:“自然之道,适偶之数,非有他气旁物厌胜感动使之然也。”认为孔、孟不遇,“诚知时命当自然也”。汉高祖“命当自王”,韩信、张良“时当自兴”,“两相遭遇,若故相求”。何谓之“遇”?“不求自至,不作自成,是名为遇”(《论衡·逢遇》)。王充无法解释这种偶然性,只好归之于命。“凡人遇偶及遭累害,皆由命也”(《论衡·命禄》)。但王充对“遇”字的运用,比较灵活,有时又蕴含察言观色之意。《论衡·实知》:“春秋之时,卿、大夫相与会遇,见动作之变,听言谈之诡,善则明吉祥之福,恶则处凶妖之祸。明福处祸,远图未然,无神圣之知,皆由兆类。”此“遇”乃“案兆察迹,推原事类”之义。
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