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常识“元世祖”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 元世祖
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元世祖1215—1294

元朝的创立者,名忽必烈。蒙哥汗(宪宗)弟、成吉思汗孙。尊称薛禅皇帝。1260—1294年在位。蒙哥汗元年(1251年)在滦河上游设立王府,任用儒生、注意农桑、兴办屯田。蒙哥汗三年(1253年)率军攻云南,次年灭大理而归。九年(1259年)攻宋鄂州(今湖北武昌),闻蒙哥死,即率兵北还。次年在开平(今内蒙古多伦北之石别苏木)即大汗位,始建年号称中统。其幼弟阿里不哥在和林即位,联合留居漠北和中亚的求赤、察合台、窝阔台各系贵族和他对抗,引起长达四年之久的内讧。至元元年(1264年)他取得胜利,将首都由和林迁至燕京(今北京),后改燕京为大都。至元八年(1271年)取《易经》“大哉乾元”之义定国号为元。他稳定内部后,1268年又发动对南宋的战争,至元十六年(1279年)灭南宋,统一中国。又征日本,服高丽,破交趾、降缅甸,克爪哇,臣占城,南洋诸国都来朝贡。在位期间任用刘秉忠、叶李等,吸取中原地区历代封建统治经验,建立行省制度,在全国设置驿站,设立专掌农桑水利的机构(司农司、河渠司),加强中央集权,镇压各族人民的反抗。他还任用许衡、姚枢等儒生,提倡程朱理学,以加强思想控制。在位三十五年死。

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