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常识“僮”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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释义 或作童。旧指奴婢。多称家僮,又有僮仆、僮奴、僮隶、僮指等称谓。《史记·货殖列传》:“僮手指千。”裴骃集解引《汉书音义》:“僮,奴婢也。古者无空手游日,皆有作务,作务须手指,故曰僮指,以别马牛蹄角也。”自秦汉始,贵戚官僚以至富商大贾占有大量家僮。《史记·司马相如列传》:“临邛中多富人,而卓王孙家僮八百人。”《汉书·司马相如传》中“家僮”作“僮客”。颜师古注:“僮,谓奴。”故家僮亦称“僮客”。《三国志·蜀志·糜竺传》:“祖世货殖,僮客万人,貲产巨亿。”僮除任家内杂役,也常承担农业、手工业或商业劳动。其生活亦很困苦。《史记·货殖列传》:白圭“能薄饮食,忍嗜欲,节衣服,与用事僮仆同苦乐,趋时若猛兽挚鸟之发”。魏、晋、南北朝时期,占有僮仆数量亦很大,且依附性甚强。除从事农业及家内劳动外,遇有战事,亦被征发为兵。不经放免不能成为良人。唐以后历代均有,称呼或有不同。迄至清代巨富之家,家僮数量仍然不少。康有为《大同书》甲部第一章:“其投胎为巨富之子也,生而锦衣玉食,金银山积,僮指盈千。”
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