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常识“开罗”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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开罗Cairo

都城名。中国清朝(近代)史籍译称开路、改罗、加义罗、坎罗、开卢、基改罗、启罗等。在今埃及尼罗河三角洲顶点以南14公里处。公元641年阿拉伯人在此建立夫斯塔特城,即老开罗。曾屡遭战争破坏。 969年另一支伊斯兰人从突尼斯入侵,在该地建曼苏里耶城。973~974年法蒂玛王朝征服埃及,建为都城,称开罗。1260年后成为马穆鲁克王朝都城,是当时非洲、欧洲和小亚细亚最大城市,贸易和文化中心。1517年被奥斯曼帝国占领,设为省会。1798年为法国所占,1801年击败法国拿破仑军队后,于1805年成为穆罕默德·阿里所建王朝的都城。19世纪30年代起,逐渐发展为现代化城市。市内存有972年创建的爱资哈尔大学、拜伯尔斯一世清真寺、撒拉丁堡、大金字塔、尖塔和陵墓等众多古迹。

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