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常识“拉马克”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 拉马克
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拉马克1744—1829Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoinede Monet Lamarck

法国博物学家,进化论的先驱。生于巴赞廷。青年时代当过兵,做过银行小职员。1781年被聘为国王的植物学顾问,并到欧洲各地进行植物考察。回国后为《法国百科全书》写过关于植物学的长篇条目。1793年建立巴黎博物院。后期转向研究动物学。最先提出生物进化的学说,后称“拉马克学说”。并与当时占统治地位的物种不变论者进行了激烈斗争。认为生物在新环境直接影响下,习性改变,某些经常使用的器官,发达增大,不经常用的器官逐渐退化,并认为这样获得的后天性状可传给后代,使生物逐渐演变。还认为适应是生物进化的主要过程。主要著作有《法国植物志》、《无脊椎动物的自然史》以及著名的《动物学哲学》等。

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