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常识“卫士”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 卫士
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释义
卫士士兵名。秦汉时守卫皇宫、陵寝及京城诸官署的士兵,亦称卫卒。西汉时由内郡征发,边郡及王国不发。《汉旧仪》:“民年二十三,为正一岁,而以为卫士。”宿卫皇宫诸门的卫士属卫尉,屯宫垣下,称南军。卫士服役期为一年,岁末轮换。期满者于次年正月在宫中参加飨礼毕,即返回故里。东汉因之。隋大业三年(607)定制,十二卫及东宫六率所领府兵各有名号,如骁骑、豹骑、熊渠、羽林等,总称为卫士。唐因之。开元十一年(723)行卫士上番宿卫制度,乃改名为武士。

卫士 

唐朝各个军队的兵士都有自己的名称,其总的名称为卫士。左右卫的兵士称骁骑。左右骁卫的兵士称豹骑。左右武卫的兵士称熊渠。左右威卫的兵士称羽林。左右领军卫的兵士称射声。左右金吾卫的兵士称亻次飞。东宫左右卫率府的兵士称超乘。左右司御率府的兵士称旅贲。左右清道率的兵士称直荡。这些统称之为卫士。这些卫士皆取六品以下子孙,及白丁无职役者充当。三年简点一次,成丁即征兵入伍,六十而免除兵役。凡卫士皆立名簿,以备查考。

卫士 

汉代守卫皇宫的兵士。卫士由卫尉统率。西汉时长安城内的未央宫、长乐宫为帝、后所居,两宫都由卫士守卫,城外的建章宫、甘泉宫,以及帝后寝园,也各置卫士。驻屯于长安两宫的卫士也就是所谓的南军。武帝时长安有卫士万人。以后逐渐增多,西汉晚期,守寝园的卫士已达四万余人。东汉时守卫洛阳南宫、北宫及诸宫掖门的卫士共二千四百余人。两汉时卫士系从各地选拔,每年轮换一次。按照汉制,平民中男丁从二十岁(自武帝始为二十三岁)到五十六岁为止,要服两年兵役,一年在郡中为材官、骑上,一年到京城当卫士。每年岁终,所有守卫宫禁的卫士作好交代工作,次岁正月,宫中举行飨礼以罢遣全体更尽的卫士,皇帝也亲自参加。西汉时在未央宫曲台殿举行,东汉时在南宫。
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