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常识“魏源”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 魏源
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魏源1794—1857

近代思想家。字默深,湖南邵阳人。道光二十四年(1844年)进士,官至知州。曾从刘逢禄学《公羊春秋》,与龚自珍齐名,同为当时今文经学家。鸦片战争前,著有《古微堂集》、《元史新编》,并协助江苏布政使贺长龄撰成《皇朝经世文编》,阐发公羊家变易思想,抨击时政,主张变革,认为“变古愈尽,便民愈甚”。鸦片战争时,他坚决支持林则徐领导的禁烟运动和抗英斗争;在两江总督裕谦幕府内,直接参加了浙东军民的抗英斗争。鸦片战败,他悲痛欲绝,发愤著书。1842年下半年,写成《圣武记》、《道光洋艘征抚记》。继而根据林则徐的《四洲志》,撰成《海国图志》五十卷(后增补为一百卷),提出“师夷长技以制夷”的思想,主张学习西方资本主义国家的科学技术,设厂制造枪炮轮船和其它“有益民用”的近代工业;学习西方选兵、练兵、养兵的经验,改革军队,加强国防,抵抗外国武装侵略。对后来的洋务派、维新派都有重大的影响,开一代风气之先。1853年任高邮知州,太平军进军江南,他组织地主武装拒抗。不久弃官学佛,避居兴化,后病逝于杭州。

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