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常识“君臣共治”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 君臣共治
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释义 君臣共治明清之际黄宗羲的政治思想。认为“君臣之名,从天下而有之者也。吾无天下之责,则吾在君为路人。出而仕于君也,不以天下为事,则君之仆妾也;以天下为事,则君之师友也”(《明夷待访录·原臣》)。肯定君臣之间的正确关系,变“仆妾”为“师友”,复活了先秦君臣对等论,冲破了秦汉以后的“君为臣纲”论。并对理想社会中的君臣职分、君臣关系作了规定。认为立君的原意是为了“治天下”,但“天下之大,非一人之所能治,而分治之以群工”(《明夷待访录·置相》)。指出臣的职分是“为天下,非为君”,“为万民,非为一姓”。因为“天下之治乱,不在一姓之兴亡,而在万民之忧乐”(《明夷待访录·原臣》)。臣为天下而设,非为君而设,君与臣的关系不是主仆关系,而是师友关系。
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