常识“张子正蒙注”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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常识“张子正蒙注”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇	张子正蒙注
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释义	《张子正蒙注》明清之际王夫之著。对北宋张载《正蒙》的注释。九卷。首卷有附录《序论》和《宋史·张载传》。书中对“气”范畴作了更明确的哲学规定，认为宇宙间除了“弥沦无涯”、“通一而无二”的物质性的“气”之外，“更无他物，亦无间隙”。对气的普遍无限性作了新规定：“虚涵气，气充虚，无有所谓无者”。又说“?缊，太和未分之本然”（《太和篇》）。并用一些实例论证物质不灭的思想，指出“气”只有聚散而没有生灭，“散入无形而适得气之体，聚为有形而不失气之常”。肯定了物质和运动的统一，“动静者乃阴阳之动静”（《大易篇》），“阴阳者气之二体，动静者气之二幾”（《太和篇》）。又说“动不离乎静之存，静而皆备其动之理”（《诚明篇》）。肯定动与静的辩证关系。在认识论方面，认为认识的发生需要“形”（感觉器官）、“神”（思维活动）、“物”（客观对象）三者的结合。“形也，神也，物也，三相遇而知觉乃发”（《太和篇》）。继承和发展了张载唯物主义和辩证法思想。收入《船山遗书》。张子正蒙注书名。明末清初王夫之撰。九卷。《正蒙》为北宋张载所著。作者通过对《正蒙》的逐篇注释，表彰张学，以与程朱、陆王之学相颉颃。认为“张子之学，上承孔孟之志，下救来兹之失”（《序论》）。对张载“虚空即气”之说阐发精粹，独抒心得，多为后人所继承。收入《船山遗书》。
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