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常识“穷而后工”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 穷而后工
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释义 穷而后工文论术语。宋欧阳修《梅圣俞诗集序》云:“凡士之蕴其所有,而不得施于世者,多喜自放于山巅水涯。外见虫鱼草木风云鸟兽之状类,往往探其奇怪,内有忧思感愤之郁积,其兴于怨刺,以道羁臣寡妇之所叹,而写人情之难言,盖愈穷则愈工。然则非诗之能穷人,殆穷者而后工也。”此说是对汉司马迁“发愤著书”、唐韩愈“不平则鸣”之论的继承和发展,它们都接触到作家困苦的生活际遇对其创作的重要作用。然此则更强调作者触事感物,进而兴于怨刺,用诗歌批判现实的意义,指出“愈穷则愈工”;次之又强调诗人广泛接触大自然的作用,可探其奇怪,发为比兴,“而写人情之难言”,从而加强了作品的艺术感染力。
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