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常识“伊达尔戈”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 伊达尔戈
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伊达尔戈1753—1811Miguel Hidalgo

墨西哥独立战争领袖。出生于瓜那华托省土生白人农场总管家庭。在巴亚多利德(今莫雷利亚)神学院毕业后留校任教,后升任司库、院长。1793年到圣·费利佩教区当神父,因宣传法国大革命的自由思想,受到宗教裁判所迫害。1803年继其兄长担任多洛雷斯教区神父,组织居民酿酒、制陶,改善生活,受到印第安人尊敬。1810年,参加自由派秘密团体“文学与社交会”,主张以暴力赶走西班牙殖民者。同年9月16日(今定为墨西哥国庆日)发动所在教区印第安人起义反抗殖民统治,主张国家独立、废除奴隶制、夺回土地等。不久攻克瓜那华托城和巴亚多利德,义军迅速发展到八万人,他被推为“美洲大元帅”。10月,在拉斯克鲁斯山大胜西军,一度进逼墨西哥城。12月,在瓜达拉哈拉建立革命政权,创办《美洲觉醒者报》,颁布了解放奴隶、废除人头税、归还土地的法令。次年1月,在累尔马河畔被西军击败,突围途中遭叛徒出卖被俘, 7月在奇瓦瓦壮烈牺牲。

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