1. Porta caval shunt operations have not found favour in recent years because of the increased incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy.

2. Furthermore the hepatic vein wedge pressure-inferior vena caval mean pressure gradient was normal.

3. Pneumomediastinum may cause caval obstruction.

4. Objective:To explore the treatment of Superior Vena Caval Syndrome caused by tumor.

5. The wide-open triangular caval anastomosis is easy to perform, allowing short implantation time and size matching and avoiding outflow obstruction.

6. Objective To assess the clinical value of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism(PE) in patients with deep-vein thrombosis(DVT).

7. All hepatic veins converged into inferior vena caval (IVC) in the liver. Most hepatic veins of left lobe had co-trunks (14/16).

8. Radical renal resection and sectional venacavorectomy were carried out for 8 renal cell carcinoma patients with vena caval invading tumor thrombus.

9. Methods:18 patients with acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis via the great saphenous vein puncture after placement of vena caval filter.

10. Objective To find out the possibility of omni-liver blood stream interruption blocking the inferior vena caval pericardium inter-portion by incisioning diaphragma central tendon through the abdomen.

11. For patients with CTPH undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, we suggest the placement of a permanent vena caval filter before or at the time of the procedure (Grade 2C).

12. Conclusion It is possible to block the inferior vena caval pericardium inter-portion by incisioning diaphragma central tendon through the abdomen.

13. For most patients with PE, we recommend against the routine use of a vena caval filter in addition to anticoagulants (Grade 1A).

14. In patients with acute PE, if anticoagulant therapy is not possible because of risk of bleeding, we recommend placement of an inferior vena caval filter (Grade 1C).

15. Conclusion Curative effect is notable for DVT after implantation of caval vein filter before embolectomy or thrombolysis.

16. Objective To study the anatomic characteristic of left comm on iliac vein and the caval bifurcation, and discuss the anatomic basis of the iliac vein compression syndrome.

17. Methods: The effect of PLC on experimental thrombosis was studied by inferior caval vein ligature thrombosis model and was compared with UK.

18. The thrombus was dissolved through percutaneous catheter in 6cases, and through the filter placed in the inferior caval vein in 5cases.

19. Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of high dose urokinase thrombolysis for treating lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after inferior vena caval (IVC) filter placement.

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20. Objective To evaluate the effect to total hepatic vascular exclusion with preservation of the caval flow(THVEPC)on the resection of liver tumors.

21. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) guided inferior vena caval filter insertion(IVCFI).