常识“牺牲”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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常识“牺牲”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇	牺牲
正文
释义	牺牲古代祭祀用牲畜或牲肉的通称。牺，指毛色纯一的畜牲，多用于宗庙祭祀；牲，指未加分解的整体畜牲。祭祀用牲多用牛羊豕犬鸡；用人为牲者，称“人牲”。用于祭祀的畜牲，祭祀前要用牢圈养一段时间，经过用牢圈养的畜牲称“牢”。《公羊传·桓公八年》何休注云，祭礼用牛羊豕三牲的，称“太牢”。《仪礼·少牢馈食礼》郑玄注云，用羊豕二牲的，称“少牢”。《大戴礼记·曾子天圆》则称：“诸侯之祭，牛曰太牢；大夫之祭牲，羊曰少牢。”如仅用牛羊豕三牲中的一牲，则称用“特”；又，用小羊，则称“羔”。对牺牲的处理：火烧，称“燎牲”；刺颈取血，称“刲”；进行分解，称“割”；剔解牲体陈列，称“肆”；开膛去内脏，称“辜”或“刳”；张开牲体挂起风干，称“磔”；将牲体一剖两半，称“副”。未煮的生牲肉称“腥”；煮熟后的牲肉称“熟”或“饔”。腥肉放在俎（几案）上献祭；熟肉盛于鼎中。祭祀用过的牲肉称为“胙”或“福胙”。
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